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Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) is highly prevalent and poses a great health challenge due to the lack of effective treatments. Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2), encoded by blaKPC-2 gene, is one of the major contributors to carbapenem resistance in CRKP. In China and other Asian regions, Tn1721 and plasmid IncFⅡ are the main vectors for blaKPC-2 transfer between Kpn ST11 strains, which lack clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and restriction-modification (R-M) systems. The structure of transposons has a significant impact on the transposition frequency of blaKPC-2, which may be related to the different transposition patterns of transposons. The prevalence advantage of blaKPC-2 in Kpn ST11 strains is highly associated with the immune deficiency in Kpn ST11. By acquiring a re-engineered CRISPR-Cas3 system via conjugation, the high-risk IncFⅡ plasmid can be successfully cleaved and ST11 CRKP can regain antibiotic sensitivity, which provides a promising approach for clinical treatment and prevention of CRKP.
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Congenital heart disease(CHD)is one of the most common congenital defects that caused by fetal cardiovascular dysplasia.The global incidence rate is about 9/1 000 and is still rising.Previous reports have shown that congenital heart disease(CHD)incidence can be influenced by genetic etiology and environmental risk factors.And the gene-environmental interaction can affect the development and differentiation of myocardium through epigenetic regulation by means of DNA methylation, histone and RNA modification, etc.In this paper, we review the epigenetics of congenital heart disease to discuss the current progress and point out future direction of the etiology of congenital heart disease.
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Objective To investigate the relationships and types between pulmonary subsolid nodules and bronchi and vessels,and their diagnostic values in differentiating subsolid nodules.Methods MSCT images of 40 subsolid nodules were retrospectively reviewed.The relationships between subsolid nodules and bronchi were divided into five types.Type Ⅰ:the bronchi were “cutoff”in the solid part of nodules.Type Ⅱ:the bronchi were distortion and extension in the solid parts of nodules.Type Ⅲ:the bronchi were distortion and extension in the GGO parts of nodules.Type Ⅳ:the bronchi were normal course in the GGO parts of nodules.Type Ⅴ:the bronchi were circumvent nodule lesions.The relationships between subsolid nodules and vessels were categorized into four types.Type Ⅰ:vessels passing by SSNs;Type Ⅱ:intact vessels passing through SSNs;Type Ⅲ:distorted,dilated or tortuous vessels seen within SSNs;Type Ⅳ:more complicated vessels other than described above.The relationship types were correlated to pathologic and/or clinical findings of subsolid nodules.Results Of 40 subsolid nodules,4 were preinvasive nodules,6 micro infiltrating adeocarcinomas and 30 invasive ones that were pathologically proven.Types Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ vascular relationships were observed in 0,8,21 and 11 subsolid nodules,respectively.Type Ⅲ relationship was the dominating one.All 11 subsolid nodules were invasive adenocarcinomas,when the relationship between subsolid nodules and vessle was type Ⅳ.There were 17 invasive adenocarcinomas,2 preinvasive ones,and 2 infiltrating ones when the relationship between subsolid nodules and vessel was type Ⅲ.Correlation analysis showed strong correlation between invasive adenocarcinoma and type Ⅲ and Ⅳ relationships.There was significantly statistical significance among 3 groups of relationships between subsolid nodule and vessels(χ2 =1 5.1 90,P =0.004).Types Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and V brochi relationships were observed in 20,5,6,9 and 0 subsolid nodules,respectively.Type I relationship was the dominating relationship.There were 1 7 invasive adenocarcinomas, 1 preinvasive one,2 micro invasive ones when the relationship between subsolid nodules and bronchi were typeⅠ.There was significantly statistical significance among 3 groups of relationships between subsolid nodule and bronchi (χ2 =23.81 1,P =0.001 ).Conclusion Different subsolid nodules have different relationships with bronchi and vessels.Understanding and recognizing the characteristic subsolid nodule-bronchi and subsolid nodule-vessel relationships may help to identify which nodules are more likely to be malignant.
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Objective:To analyze the expression of MUC15 and PI3K/Akt in gastric carcinoma and its association with clinicopathologi-cal characteristics and prognosis. Methods:The expression of MUC15 and Akt was detected in 144 cases of gastric carcinoma tissues and corresponding para-carcinoma tissues by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Results:The positive expression rate of MUC15 in gastric carcinoma was 79.8%, higher than that of para-carcinoma tissues (22.2%, P<0.01). The positive expression rate of Akt protein in gastric carcinoma was 80.6%, higher than that of para-carcinoma tissues (16.7%, P<0.01). The expression of MUC15 and Akt was statistically associated with the grades of differentiation, invasion depth, lymphatic metastasis, TNM stage of tumor tissues (P<0.05), and the positive correlation between the two protein expression that appear in the gastric tumor tissue (P=0.001). Univariate survival analysis showed that the over-expression of either MUC15 or Akt was inversely correlated with the survival time (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). Cox multiple regression analysis indicated that patients with over-expression of both MUC15 and Akt had the worst prognoses (HR=3.115, P<0.05). Conclusion:MUC15 may be involved in the occurrence, development, invasion, and metastasis of gastric cancer through the PI3K/Akt cell signaling pathway, and the expression of MUC15 combined with Akt is a powerful predictor for the prognosis of gastric cancer.
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Objective To investigate the expression of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17(IL-17) and complement cleavage fragment C5a and the regulation effect of C5a on the expression of IL-17 during renal allograft rejection .Methods The frequency of IL-17+ T cell in peripheral blood and the expression of IL-17 in renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) after C5a stimulation in renal transplant recipients were measured by flow cytometry and the changes of serum C5a level was detected by ELISA ,respectively .Im-munohistochemistry was applied to detect and compare the expression of IL-17 and the deposition of C5b-9 in normal renal tissues and renal tissues with allograft rejection .The difference of IL-17 expression in HK2 cells before and after the recombinant C5a stimulation was detected by immunocytochemistry .Results Both the percentage of IL-17+ T cells and serum C5a levels were sig-nificantly increased after the allogeneic renal transplantation .Compared with normal renal tissues ,both the deposition of C5b-9 and the IL-17 expression in renal tissues with allograft rejection was remarkably up-regulated ,which showed the positive correlation be-tween them .The expression of IL-17 in HK2 was obviously up-regulated by the recombinant C5a stimulation .Conclusion C5a may positively regulate the expression of IL-17 by tubular epithelial cells during the renal allograft rejection .
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Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of BRAFV600E inducing chromosome instability in Sbcl2 and SK-MEL31 melanoma cells.Methods The endogenous Mps1 in stable Sbcl2-and SK-MEL31-B-RafV600E expression cells were depleted by siRNA approach.To test the effect of B-RafV600E on the centrosome amplification and the formation of multipolar spindles,cells at S-phase with HU-treatment were arrested and then the centrosomes and mitotic spindles structure were detected through immunofluoresence.Results The percentage of B-RafV600E expressing Sbcl2 and SK-MEL31 cells (Sbcl2-B-RafV600E and SKMEL31-B-RafV600E) with centrosome amplification and multipolar spindle was reduced from 36 ％ to 6 ％ when Mps1 was absent.Conclusion B-RafV600E leads to centrosome amplification and multipolar spindle through Mps1,thus results in chromosome instability in Sbcl2 and SK-MEL31 melanoma cells.
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Objective To explore the characteristics of semantic priming effects in Chinese words with different association strength in patients with aphasia by auditory stimulation.Method Stimulus-response word pairs with different association strength including strong,moderate,weak,and no association categories were chosen from word association thesaurus as experiment materials.Both patients with aphasia(n=11)and normal subjects (n=16)were requested to finish an auditory lexical decision task for target words.Semantic priming effects were investigated by means of measuring reaction time(RT)and error rate of each word-pair.Results In patients with aphasia and normal subjects,the mean RTs were significantly shorter in strong,moderate and weak association strength words than in no association strength words(patients with aphasia(1270.20±47.70)ms,(1340.50±266.25)ms,(1429.70±317.07)ms vs(1549.00±325.87)ms,P＜0.05 and normal subjects(1140.2±274.48)ms,(1196.50±284.06)ms,(1262.10±274.31)ms vs(1391.20±315.68)ms,P＜0.05).In strong,moderate,and no association strength words,the mean RTs were no significant differences between two groups.In the weak association strength words,mean RTs were significantly longer in patients with aphasia than in normal subjects((1429.70±317.07)ms vs(1262.10±274.31)ms,P＜0.05).In two groups,mean error rates were significantly less in strong,moderate and weak association strength words than in no association strength words(patients with aphasia:7.73±6.07,4.55±7.23,6.82±8.15 vs 14.09±12.41,P＜0.05 and normal subjects:3.44±4.37,2.81±3.64,5.31±5.91 vs 10.94±11.14,P＜0.05).However,in strong association strength words,mean error rates were significantly higher in patients with aphasia than in normal subjects(7.73±6.07 vs 3.44±4.37,P＜0.05).In moderate,weak and no association strength words,there were no significant differences between two groups.Conclusion The patients with aphasia follow gradient of the association strength words like normal subjects and have semantic priming effects in the strong,moderate association strength words.